MBA School Essay Samples

MBA School Essay SamplesIf you want to earn your MBA degree and you're looking for some inspiration, MBA school essay samples can help you come up with some really good ideas. With the range of samples there are, it's hard to resist taking inspiration from them!If you're hoping to gain admission to one of the most prestigious institutions of higher learning in the world, then what better way to do so than to take the admissions test. And what better way to prepare for this test than by reading MBA school essay samples. These sample essays that you can get from the various websites have some really good tips on how to prepare and what to avoid, which is helpful for everyone.Every student wants to get an excellent grade for their test. But getting an excellent grade for the test also comes with a lot of hard work. You have to make sure that you really understand the topics covered by the test. So you can be sure that you're not wasting your time or effort reading something that is of n o use to you.You may want to look at some of the MBA school essay samples for inspiration. One of the best places where you can find some good tips on how to prepare for this test is on the Internet. These online sites provide you with some great sample essays that you can use to write your own essay.One thing that these sample essays provide you with is an opportunity to improve your essays and add more content to the ones that you already have. You have to make sure that you're adding all the information and facts you need to write the best essay possible. There are a number of sites that will give you access to their essay samples so that you can see how your own work can improve.It's important that you know how to manage your time and you have to make sure that you have time for yourself. But it's also important that you're not going to skip out on important things that are important for you. For this reason, it's important that you spend as much time as possible making sure tha t you write the best essay possible.You don't have to look very far to find some great MBA school essay samples that you can find online. You can also find samples by getting a copy of the book 'Mastering the MBA', which includes a variety of sample essays from top MBA programs around the world. So if you want to increase your chances of getting into a very prestigious school, then you should definitely take some inspiration from these samples.

Concept Of Strategic Human Resource Management - 1552 Words

Introduction Human Resource Management (HRM) has effectively been an integral part of organizations’ since the end of the 19th century. There has been continuous shift in name change, focus and responsibilities of HRM, with the role progressively evolving since the days of the industrial revolution, reflected in the change of terms from Welfare Officers, Personnel Management, Human Resource Management (HRM) and most recently Strategic Human Resource Management (SHRM). Many academics have written different viewpoints and articles on the concept of Strategic Human Resource Management (SHRM). This research will predominantly review the underpinning concept of SHRM: the resource based view (RBV); the universalistic and contingency†¦show more content†¦The term Strategic HRM as a broadly used term, was coined in the early 1980’s, as discussed in one of the earliest research papers on the subject (Tichy, Fombrun and Devanna 1982). SHRM is generally concerned with systematically linking people with the organisation and more specifically, about the integration of HRM strategies into corporate strategies. This theory is backed up more recently by Martin-Alcazar et al . (2005), SHRM is ‘the integrated set of practices, policies and strategies through which organisations manage their human capital, that influences and is influenced by the business strategy, the organisational context and the socio-economic context’. It is reasoned that a clear strategy and an effective workforce to carry out that strategy, is fundamental to the long term profitability of an organisation, this precipitated changes in the nature of the HR function from being reactive, prescriptive and administrative to being proactive, descriptive and executive (Boxall, 1994; Legge, 1995). Resource Based View (RBV) The philosophy of SHRM is underpinned by the Resource Based View (RBV), the implication is that it is the range of resources in an organization, including its human resources, that produces its unique character and creates competitive advantage. HRM delivers addedShow MoreRelatedConcept of Strategic Human Resource Management (SHRM)1969 Words   |  8 Pagesï » ¿Contents TOC o 1-3 h z u HYPERLINK l _Toc324275713 Introduction PAGEREF _Toc324275713 h 1 HYPERLINK l _Toc324275714 What is Strategic Human Resource Management (SHRM)? PAGEREF _Toc324275714 h 1 HYPERLINK l _Toc324275715 The simple structure PAGEREF _Toc324275715 h 2 HYPERLINK l _Toc324275716 Machine Bureaucracy PAGEREF _Toc324275716 h 4 HYPERLINK l _Toc324275717 Professional Bureaucracy PAGEREF _Toc324275717 h 5 HYPERLINK l _Toc324275718 The divisionalized form PAGEREFRead MoreHuman Resource Theories and Concepts1609 Words   |  7 Pagesusing Human resources models, concepts and assumptions, how and why people are of value to organisations and how and why it is assumed that HRM/SHRM can contribute to company success through valuing and managing its employees. According to Legge (2009 pg77), human resource management is defined as the strategic and approach to the management of an organizations most valued assets which is the people or the staff members. There is a traditional definition or way of human resource management andRead MoreDesign and Implementation of Sets of Strategic Human Resource Management Practices 1694 Words   |  7 PagesThe design and implementation of sets of strategic human resource practices continues to lack coherence and consistency, primarily because the concept of fit is still so little understood. Strategic human resource management refers to managing people in organizations proactively, such that it helps a business gain competitive edge. It is directed by the organizational strategy, as opposed to human resource management which aims to on better management of people only. SHRM is gaining widespreadRead MoreHuman Resource Theories and Concepts1594 Words   |  7 Pagesusing Human resources models, concepts and assumptions, how and why people are of value to organisations and how and why it is assumed that HRM/SHRM can contribute to company success through valuing and managing its employees. According to Legge (2009 pg77), human resource management is defined as the strategic and approach to the management of an organizations most valued assets which is the people or the staff members. There is a traditional definition or way of human resource management and aRead MoreHuman Resource Management : An Effective Management Of Individual1351 Words   |  6 PagesHuman resource management provides way through which people can be managed within the organization. It is being considered as one of the most important function for any company (Bernardin and et. al., 2011). This is because, it is with the help of the given concept only an effective management of individual can be carried out within enterprise. In addition to this, given department has the basic function of carrying out the recruitment, selection and training and development of the employees. ForRead MoreThe Strategic Goals Of An Organization1602 Words   |  7 Pagesthe workforce as well as attempt to modify and r eorganise cultural behaviours which can lead to organisational success. The behaviour, attitude and skills of employees must fit the strategic requirements of a company for it to develop a competitive advantage. However, maintaining a focus specifically on the strategic goals of an organisation has been criticised through some studies which suggest this may be detrimental to employees (Van Buren, Greenwood Sheehan 2011) In recent years there has beenRead MoreHaier Ceo1046 Words   |  5 Pages    three    stages    of    development    to    today.    First,    1984- ­Ã¢â‚¬ 1991    brand    established    stage.    Based    on    quality,    through    technology    development    and    Meticulous    management    establish    a    brand.    Second,    1992- ­Ã¢â‚¬ 1998    Mergers    and    expansion    strategy    stage    through    low- ­Ã¢â‚¬ cost.    The    brand    of    large- ­Ã¢â‚¬ scale    extension    stage.    Group s Read MoreThe Objectives Of Strategic Management Essay1055 Words   |  5 Pagesgoal or series of goals within an organizational framework. Management is the act of getting people together to accomplish desired goals and objectives using available resources efficiently and effectively (Rumelt, 2011). Since organizations can be viewed as systems, management can also be defined as human action, including design, to facilitate the production of useful outcomes from a system. According to David (2011), strategic management can be defined as the art and science of formulating, implementingRead MoreThe Relationship Between Hrm Practices And Employees Performance From An Islamic Perspective Essay1395 Words   |  6 Pagesstrive providing customers with products and services they need with best quality; In order to compete in such a competitive, dynamic and always changing environment, organizations has to invest more on their human resources and equip them with needed knowledge and skills. To invest on human resources and improve performance, organizations have considered religion and culture as major shapers for employees’ performance at work place. HRM can be defined as the function within an organization that is responsibleRead MoreHuman Resource Management And Organizational Goals1587 Words   |  7 Pagesthe best-intentioned human resource processes attempting to align human resource practices with organisational goals have become mismatched. Due to external factors such as globalization, advances in technology and changing views regarding the importance of human resources as a competitive advantage for organisations, the nature of work has been redefined (Horwitz, Heng, Quazi, 2003). This has caused human resource management to become more than just a function, but a strategic partner within corporations

Soc/110 Teamwork, Collaboration, and Conflict Resolution -...

SOC/110 TEAMWORK, COLLABORATION, AND CONFLICT RESOLUTION WEEK 1 - TOPIC 1: TEAMS IN THE 21ST CENTURY Relevance of Teams - Many of us have seen that Nobodys Perfect - But A Team Can Be and we have seen a team produce a quality and quantity of work far higher than the sum of what the separate members could have produced on their own. The success of any Endeavour hinges on the behavior, talents, balance and cohesion of this management team. There are two main points when it comes to relevance of teams, the first is the recognition that human strengths usually bring countervailing weaknesses and the second is that some combinations of these roles have a greater probability of team success than others. Advantages of Teams - 1) Those†¦show more content†¦4) Conflict Levels – Effective teams maintain a perfect level of negative and positive conflicts. At times disagreement is encouraged to lessen the likelihood of groupthink. 5) Social Loafing – Effective teams make members individually and jointly accountable for the team’s purpose, goals, and approach, thereby removing any possibility of social loafing. Team Strategies – There are several strategies which are adopted by the managers of the effective team, some of them are - 1) Establish objectives together: Define performance objectives with the team and make sure that all team members understand the objectives and what actions will need to be taken to achieve them. 2) Develop a participatory style: Encourage staff to suggest ways to improve services. Listen to their ideas and acknowledge their points of view. Encourage team members to discuss issues and to find solutions together. 3) Focus on contributions: Define objectives for having all team members actively contribute to the meeting. Introduce team members to the ways in which they can participate. 4) Organize meetings: Hold meetings with the whole team during supervisory visits. Discuss supervisory and clinic objectives and encourage the team to discuss their concerns. 5) Explain the rules: Discuss all norms and standards that have been established for this clinic by the Ministry or the organization. Explain the rationale for these rulesShow MoreRelatedDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesCreatively 167 PART II 4 5 6 7 INTERPERSONAL SKILLS 232 233 Building Relationships by Communicating Supportively Gaining Power and Influence 279 Motivating Others 323 Managing Conflict 373 PART III GROUP SKILLS 438 8 Empowering and Delegating 439 9 Building Effective Teams and Teamwork 489 10 Leading Positive Change 533 PART IV SPECIFIC COMMUNICATION SKILLS 590 591 Supplement A Making Oral and Written Presentations Supplement B Conducting Interviews 619 SupplementRead MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 Pages PART 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 THE LEGAL AND ETHICAL CONTEXT OF HRM Equal Employment Opportunity 56 Employee Rights and Discipline 84 PART 3 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 STAFFING THE ORGANIZATION Human Resource Planning and Job Analysis 110 Recruiting 132 Foundations of Selection 154 PART 4 Chapter 8 Chapter 9 TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT Socializing, Orienting, and Developing Employees 182 Managing Careers 208 PART 5 Chapter 10 Chapter 11 Chapter 12 Chapter 13 MAINTAINING HIGH

Essay on The Rise and Fall of The Roman Empire - 1033 Words

Power. Dominance. Strategy. One of the greatest and most predominant empires ever built that controlled and reined over much of the entire continent of Europe is known as the Roman Empire. The Romans were beyond the most tactical and strategic army, and obtained the most authoritative military control throughout ancient history. The Roman Empire was not only a militia of brute force and authority, but their political systems also were amongst the most developed and functional governances. The Romans contained a civic virtue, which was the outline of core values of their Roman culture. The Romans were infatuated and captivated by displayed affluence of their culture, they were obsessed with sexual intercourse, freakish and sensationalistic†¦show more content†¦This caused even more conflict in Rome, which is known as an inequality between the plebeians and patricians and led to the conflict known as the Struggle of the Orders (134). Their core values had completely reversed t hemselves from wanting to obtain a world power and authority into a culture that preferred things to be handed to them instead of going out and taking them like they had been doing, which led to the Romans being no longer free. Furthermore, the Roman Empire was more concerned with displaying affluence instead of building its wealth. The Romans seemed to be very materialistic and they wanted to build very rich and beautiful temples and buildings rather than expansion in goods that could be traded or perhaps in an agricultural development that could have led to more wealth (130). The Romans built bathes that included gymnasia where men exercised, snack bars and halls where people could read and chat, and even libraries and lecture halls (136). Instead of the Roman’s investing their efforts in something more lasting, the Roman Empire wanted it to be known to the world that they had the answers for everything and could overtake anyone and anything within reach. Additionally, the Romans were obsessed and infatuated with sexual intercourse and the perversions of sex. The Romans adopted this concept from their captured GreeksShow MoreRelatedThe Rise and Fall of the Roman Empire Essay1041 Words   |  5 PagesThe era dominated by Roman empire is one the most well-known and influential periods of history, home to famous names from Julius Caesar to Jesus Christ. At its height, Rome’s territory stretched from the Atlantic coastline to the Middle East, reigning over 60 million people, one-fifth of the population of the ancient world. However, the Roman empire’s treatment of their conquered people’s and their own citizens ultimately led to the permanent downfall of Rome. Even in the century before theRead More Rise and Fall of the Roman Empire Essay1091 Words   |  5 PagesThe Romans were on one of the greatest people of all. They had power, wealth, and even a half of the world. They built one of the strongest and vast empire that world has ever seen. They came from nothing to something awesome. It started of as a city and ended up being one of the greatest empire of all. This essay is going to focus on the Roman Empire from the rise to the fall and the government, architecture, mythology, Family Structure, and Food of the Romans. As the story goes, Rome was foundingRead MoreThe Roman Empire And The Rise And Fall Of The Papacy1337 Words   |  6 Pagesestablishment of Christianity may be considered a very essential part of the history of the Roman Empire and the rise and fall of the papacy. The history of the Papacy began over two thousand years ago with the reign of John Paul II. Peter, the humble fisherman of Galilee and an Apostle of Jesus Christ, became the figure head and the basis for the institution that has outlined not only the Roman and Byzantine empires but also the Carolingian Gaul, medieval Germany, Spain, Britain, the Third Reich of HitlerRead MoreThe Rise and Fall of the Roman Empire Essay examples1385 Words   |  6 Pagesrather than conquered provinces. The only threats that ever came were from the unorganized barbarian tribes whos conquest brought nothing to the Empire. (Mahoney, 2001) The rise of the Roman Empire had many contributors. These factors would include strength in the military, society, leadership, religious, and architectural aspects of the Roman Empire. The Roman army was the largest of the group though. The army was at first only meant to defend the city of Rome but later set out to conquer. The armyRead MoreThe Fall and Rise of the Roman Empire Essay637 Words   |  3 PagesHow powerful the Roman Empire was! Rome the ultimate country of its time slowly declined and vanished from our world. After starting with a small settlement off the Tiber River in Italy Rome expanded its borders and claimed territory around the entire Mediterranean and more. Rome also lasted for over a thousand years elapsing over late B.C.E and early C.E. In spite of all that, Rome was far from perfect. This powerful state was brought to its collapse through challenges that would be cataclysmicRead MoreThe Rise of the Papacy948 Words   |  4 PagesThis paper will look into t he primary reasons for the rise of the Roman papacy to power, and a few of the many things that aided the papacy in getting there. The fall of the Roman Empire is clearly a key factor in the rise of the papacy, so a look into the factors that caused the fall of the Roman Empire is essential. Secondly, a look into how the church positioned itself, to step into the vacuum of power left behind by the fall of the Roman Empire will prove to be needed. Lastly, there will be a briefRead MoreEssay on His 112/ the Crisis of the Third Century1314 Words   |  6 Pages His/112 September 2 2011 The Crisis of the Third Century The Crisis of the Third Century was the era in which the Roman Empire almost collapsed under the many myriad of pressures including economic depression, civil war, plague and invasion. Because war was expensive, the Roman Empire had to increase taxes and this caused for many of the Romans to be upset and for the economy to be in a crisis. Revolts were also started because many of the civilians retaliated back because ofRead MoreThe Rise And Fall Of Empires1580 Words   |  7 Pagesthesis that the rise and fall of empires was due to tolerance, inclusion, difference, and diversity is shown to be true of the Roman Empire because of the way that tolerance allowed and caused the empire to rise, enter its golden age, and fall. The Roman Empire was a â€Å"hyperpower† that lasted from 44 BCE to 476 CE. The empire contained Western, Southern, and Eastern Europe, along with North Africa; thus, there was an abundance of culture from many different conquered groups. Romans wante d to make theseRead MoreThe Fall Of The Roman Empire846 Words   |  4 PagesFinal Fall 2014 A1. For an empire that lasted nearly 500 years, the fall of the Roman Empire was influenced by various different events. Four troubled ingredientes lead to the demise of the the greatest empire of all time; politics, money, social, and war. It is important to note that the fall of the Roman Empire does not mean that the romans lost everything, it is just a reference to the fall of the western roman empire. One of the causes of the fall of the west was that of the rise of theRead MoreThe Fall Of The Roman Empire856 Words   |  4 PagesAlthough it was believed that the Roman Empire would never come to an end, inevitably it fell. The Roman Empire is an extremely historic empire that left a massive legacy behind. It collapsed during the fifth century. The empire was having serious military struggles. They received threats from other European tribes along with diminished military funding. A military who does not have proper funding will slowly fall apart. Other than the military, th e Roman Empire had a few key social and cultural

Physiological Evaluation Obedience And Authority Essay

Physiological Evaluation: Obedience to Authority In 1963, physiologist Stanley Milgram brought to light the idea of Obedience to Authority. He was stimulated by the trial and execution of Adolf Eichmann, a Nazi war criminal who was put to death for the crimes he committed under Hitler’s authority (McLeod , Obedience to Authority, 2007). The objective of his research was centered on the question: â€Å"Could it be that Eichmann and his million accomplices in the Holocaust were just following orders? Could we call them all accomplices? (Milgram, 1974). Milgram introduced the phenomenon of Obedience to Authority through his experiments. Milgram demonstrates how human nature is susceptible to blindly obey authority without regard to any sense of morality. This behavior mirrors numerous genocides, but specifically gives reason to the Holocaust (McLeod, 2007). The experiment was initiated when a newspaper advertisement was dispersed from Yale University, calling for male and female participants needed in a learning study. Only 40 males were chosen, varying from 20 to 50 years of age. The participants were then teamed with another â€Å"participant,† an accomplice of the experiment who was chosen by Milgram. The participants were lead to believe they were drawing for the role of â€Å"teacher† and â€Å"student.† For the experiment to remain controlled, the accomplice would always draw the role of student, and the participant the teacher. This protocol ensured the participants were the subjects beingShow MoreRelatedEssay about Unchecked Obedience1472 Words   |  6 Pagesfor a large reduction in ignorance† (88). But is it not harsh to allow few to be terrorized for the benefit of many? When evaluating the Milgram experiment, summarized in Milgram’s article â€Å"The Perils of Obedience†, Diana B aumrind, writer of â€Å"Review of Stanley Milgram’s Experiments on Obedience†, states that no matter what the â€Å"concrete benefit to humanity† is, it cannot â€Å"justify the risk that real harm will be done to the subject† (184). Because of these two conflicting points of view it willRead MoreSocial Psychology: Bringing It All Together Essay3853 Words   |  16 Pages of person. All because our acting self wants to portray a better version of whom we really are. Self-esteem and self-efficacy have lots to do with our acting self. Self-esteem is the way you feel and value yourself. Self-efficacy is your evaluation of your ability to perform tasks. Our acting self may affect how we act so that we resent an image of ourselves that we want others to have. For example, our acting self may portray having high self-esteem and high self-efficacy but in realityRead MoreHuman Resource Management Practices in Nigeria4359 Words   |  18 Pagesof facilitating production activities to meet set company objectives through planned strategies. It also entails compensation for work done, maintenance and retention by appraisals, discipline, motivation, incentives, career support, performance evaluation, and job satisfaction. HRM practices differ from company to company, sector to sector, country to country and region to region but Manpower exists everywhere and anywhere and the means of managing them differ due to the different levels of needRead MoreOrganizational Behavior Issues9605 Words   |  39 PagesThere are limitations to specialization which are determined by its application. b. Authority and responsibility. Authority is the right to give orders and the power to exact obedience. Distinction must be made between a manager s official authority deriving from office and personal authority created through individual personality, intelligence and experience. Authority creates responsibility. c. Discipline. Obedience and respect between a firm and its employees based on clear and fair agreements isRead MorePhysical Restraint And Nursing Home Facilities5608 Words   |  23 Pagesrestraints unless permitted by regulations. CMS further clarified what constitutes a â€Å"medical symptom.† A medical symptom is defined as an indication or characteristic of a physical or psychological condition. Objective findings derived from clinical evaluation and the resident’s subjective symptoms should be considered to determine the presence of a medical symptom. The resident’s subjective symptoms may not be used as the sole basis for using a restraint. In addition, the resident’s medical symptomsRead MoreAdl 01 - Principles and Practices of Management Study Material.Pdf Uploaded Successfully30836 Words   |  124 PagesPrinciples and Practices of Management ADL 01 iii. iv. v. vi. vii. viii. ix. Defining organization structure Features of an effective organization structure Organization as a process Principles of organizing Departmentation Span of control Authority and delegation of authority Chapter 4: Staffing i. ii. iii. iv. v. vi. vii. viii. ix. Meaning of Staffing Nature of Staffing Function Elements of staffing process Human Resource Planning or Manpower Planning Job Analysis Recruitment and selection Training andRead MoreA Brief Analysis on Sexism in English5522 Words   |  23 Pagesword-structure, word choosing, sentence structure, sentence pattern, meaning and speech, just to name the most common ones. Then it takes an insight into the causes of sexism in English— the historical, cultural, political, economical, educational, physiological and psychological reasons. History needs reforms to keep marching forward, so does the language. It is only when all these dregs are cleared, can the whole human society to be crowned civilized and the language of English, accurate and elegantRead MoreReaction Paper in Hbo8197 Words   |  33 PagesFLORES, JAKE ICARO, GEMMA PEREZ, WILLIAM Master in Business Administration Administrative Processes and HBO Reaction Paper I. ORGANIZATIONAL SYSTEM AND HUMAN BEHAVIOR Reaction by: William Perez Summary Synopsis / Analysis Evaluation The first group discussed the Organizational system and human behaviour. They informed us that human behaviour is complex and every individual is different from one another. Likewise, the reporter discussed that human being is like other organism that areRead MoreInvestigating Crime and Relevant Issues Essay7311 Words   |  30 Pages and the psychodynamic approach. Biological Approach The biological approach focuses on how our brain structure, physiology and our chromosomal and genetic make up can affect our behaviour. It would suggest that our physiological components predispose us towards a certain type of behaviour. Lombroso’s Theory In the late eighteenth century a number of studies were carried out by phrenologists, who studied the shape and structure of the human head. Read MoreIntroduction to Motivation16686 Words   |  67 Pagessuspects. For example, by manipulating the external cues of the situation, Schachter and Singer (1962) were able to evoke self-descriptions of emotional states as disparate as euphoria and anger from S’s in whom operationally identical states of physiological arousal had been induced. It appears that these S’s utilized internal stimuli only to make the gross discrimination that they were emotional, but that the more subtle discrimination of which emotion they were experiencing was under the control

Disabled and Refugee Blues, contrast and compare experiences free essay sample

Disabled and Refugee Blues, written by Wilfred Owen and W. H. Auden respectively, are both responses to exile and isolation and a cry for those who are suffering from them. Disabled, written in 1917, was a response to the isolation caused by disability and especially that of war veterans. Auden’s, Refugee Blues, written in 1939 on the outbreak of the Second World War, was criticism of the widespread discrimination of Jews in Europe and more specifically German Jews by the Nazis. A key difference between the poems is, obviously, the different times that they were written in. Another, less obvious difference is that Refugee Blues was written with no personal experience and was written about a group from a country which he briefly experienced in a trip to Berlin 10 years prior to writing, in 1929. This is contrasted by Owen undoubtedly being influenced by his experiences at Craiglockhart Hospital where he wrote Disabled. This difference in influence could easily be one of many reasons for any contrast and variance in their depictions of the experiences of exile and isolation. Both poets expose the reality of isolation and exile, showing these experiences to be entrapping, unjust and revealing emotions of hopelessness and powerlessness. Owen thoroughly explores the state of isolation as entrapping and inescapable in Disabled. Throughout the poem the tense almost involuntarily switches between the dreamy â€Å"light-blue trees† of â€Å"his youth† to the present, with the soldier’s flowing, nostalgic memories of the past always being truncated by the sharp caesura of the present. For example in the second stanza the rhythmic, fertile language of â€Å"girls glanced† and â€Å"glow-lamps budded† is broken by â€Å"before he threw away his knees. † The slow, graceful rhythm, which is produced by the alliteration and fertile language, is sharply broken by the short blunt sentence which instantaneously withdraws the reader from the lament and into the present. This represents the soldier’s ineffective struggle to escape from the present into his dreamy past; therefore demonstrating the powerful hold that isolation and exile can have on a person. Owen reinforces the entrapment of isolation through the personification of â€Å"mothering† sleep, which reveals the comfort the soldier draws from sleep as it protects him from his torturous present. Although the soldier’s ability to sleep might suggest that the soldier is not in fact trapped by his isolation and is able to escape it, in reality sleep always comes to an end and the soldier is always reined in by his present life, just like when he is reined in from his memories. Owen’s exploration of the soldier’s present life being inescapable torture is very interesting as it contrasts common opinion, that soldiers were haunted by their past experiences in the war. This soldier’s wartime experiences are neglected throughout the poem, suggesting that they are unimportant, this emphasises Owen’s point, that neglect and isolation of veterans is actually worse than the wartime experiences. The theme of endless entrapment is similarly explored in Refugee Blues through the use of the refugee’s dreams. Auden uses the speaker’s reference to a dream to show the extent of the exile; even when a refugee is dreaming they are unable to escape their exile: â€Å"Dreamed I saw a building with a thousand floors, A thousand windows and a thousand doors: Not one of them was ours, my dear, not one of them was ours† On a simplistic level, the huge building represents the magnitude of the opportunities, which is accentuated by the triadic repetition of â€Å"a thousand†, that the couple are not able to have even when they are dreaming. By taking a step back, one can also realise that the building is a subtle reference to Hitler’s plans of ‘Lebensraum’ for the Aryan race. The dream is a double edged sword as it shows the entrapment that exile has over its subjects and it exposes the injustice of the Nazi regime and exile of the Jews by revealing the endless opportunities that the Nazis and their Aryan race have in comparison to the exile of the Jewish race. Auden’s use of dreams slightly differs to Owen’s nostalgic, dream-like memories due to Owen’s representation of dreams as an escape from torturous life and Auden’s direct use of dreams to show the permeating effect of exile. However, ultimately, they have the same effect of illuminating the permeating entrapment that exile and isolation cause. Both poems also use negation in order to exhibit the experiences of exile and isolation as entrapping. In Refugee Blues Auden generally uses the refrain to contrast the previous two sentences with a negative, for instance, â€Å"we cannot go there†. This clearly demonstrates the entrapping nature of exile. Furthermore, the syllabic emphasis habitually falls on the negative – in this case is â€Å"cannot† – which not only effectively emphasises it but also, because of the refrain, gives a sense of the refugees having more and more options shut off, which in turn brings about the sense of increasing panic and despair, two other emotions which Auden effectively creates. The emotions of entrapment created by negation in Refugee Blues are reinforced by the line structure. In the refrain of every tercet, the â€Å"my dear† is trapped by a usually ominous phrase such as â€Å"we cannot go there now, my dear, we cannot go there now. † This successfully reveals the extent of the entrapment of the exile as it permeates all parts of an exiles life, even the form of a poem which is a cry for help. Owen employs a slightly different type of negation. He uses the absence of communication to demonstrate the entrapment which being disabled has brought upon the soldier. Throughout the poem the disabled soldier seems unable to communicate with society and the society with him. â€Å"All of them touch him like some queer disease†. This simile shows the inability of the girls to communicate with the previously handsome soldier (â€Å"an artist sill for his face†), who is longing to â€Å"feel again how slim / Girls’ waists are†. This sense of desperation for things that â€Å"he will never feel again† shows how the soldier is trapped by his disability. The entrapment is further accentuated by the direct contrast with his past self where he was clearly able to communicate and interact with girls as he had â€Å"his Meg†, this shows that it was specifically the disability that distanced him from society, not his personality. Later in the poem the â€Å"solemn man† manages to â€Å"thank† him however this still shows the negation of any real communication. There is also still no communication on the soldier’s part, even when he has been â€Å"thanked†, emphasising that he is trapped. In comparison, Auden uses the same sort of language as â€Å"thanked† as well as many other devises to demonstrate the injustice of exile. The committee asked the refugee â€Å"politely to return next year†. The adverb â€Å"politely† gives the justice system – which is represented by the â€Å"committee† – an air of civility which brings about its detachedness and depersonalises it. By doing this Auden successfully reveals the facade which is the justice system consequently revealing the injustice of exile. More subtly, Auden uses almost rhyme in order to undermine the â€Å"committee† and make the injustice more apparent. The rhyme pattern of Blues poems is traditionally AAB, and this is followed throughout the poem apart from â€Å"chair† and â€Å"year† which don’t quite rhyme. This represents the falseness of the justice system; even though they have offered him a â€Å"chair†, which could imply a position of power, it is just pretence like asking him â€Å"politely† to return next year. Auden also uses the simple example of the legal system rejecting the refugee three times. Firstly â€Å"the consul†, then â€Å"a committee† and finally the â€Å"public meeting†, the threefold rejection of the refugee serves to emphasise all different types of justice rejecting them; revealing the full extent of the injustice of exile. As well as the rejection, the use of particular nouns also emphasises the injustice of exile. â€Å"The consul† is supposed to be a place of refuge for citizens in a foreign country, despite this, â€Å"the consul† rejects the exiles. The noun consul, unsurprisingly, comes from the same root as counsel, which only serves to further emphasise the injustice as â€Å"the consul† should therefore offer advice and help to refugees but instead it aggressively â€Å"banged on the table and said, / If you’ve got no passport you’re officially dead. ’† Owen complimentarily portrays the experience of isolation as unjust, he however, he does it largely through the description of the soldier. The veteran is constantly labelled and defined by what he can’t do. Firstly, Owen uses the title, â€Å"Disabled†, the prefix â€Å"dis† immediately introduces the theme of defining the soldier by what they can’t do, which is unjust in itself. The etymology of the word â€Å"disabled† is ‘legally disqualified’, which is deeply ironic as the soldier is the one who fought for the very existence of the legal system, but now his own countrymen are defining him as ‘legally disqualified’. Furthermore, the title being â€Å"Disabled† seems to subjugate everything else, ignoring things such as the fact that he gave his limbs for the country; further presenting the injustice of isolation. The simile â€Å"like some queer disease† is another example of the total injustice of isolation. Again, the etymology of the word demonstrates the injustice as it is, ‘inconvenience’; this implies that the veteran is inconvenient to society. This is highly ironic in two ways, firstly because he fought in order to look after society and its values, so in fact he is highly convenient to society. Secondly, towards the end of the poem, we realise that society is actually an inconvenience to the disabled veteran as he waits â€Å"for dark† – or death, but the society doesn’t allow him to die. Owen also uses the constant comparisons between the past and present to demonstrate the injustice of isolation. The soldier is constantly defined by what he can’t do compared to what he was able to do as his pre-war self, and he is seemingly punished for it. Values of sexuality, â€Å"an artist silly for his face†, athleticism, he was ‘chaired’ by his teammates, and valour, which was once represented by â€Å"a bloodsmear down his leg† were all pre-war values which he thought would be enhanced by enlisting. Owen proves this to be totally wrong through the direct comparisons between the pre-war and the post war. The asterisks between the stanzas act like a mirror between the pre and post war, for example: And leap of purple spurted from his thigh *** One time he liked the bloodsmear down his leg, The post war description of bleeding is a grim parody of ejaculation ejaculation is supposed to create life. However, as this â€Å"leap of purple† is ejaculated from his thigh it quickly destroys his life, turning it into a life of disabled isolation. On the other side of the asterisk, the â€Å"bloodsmear down his leg† represents valour and heroism; values which he wrongly thought would be enhanced by the war. The injustice of his isolation is then compounded by the reaction of the public to his returning home, â€Å"Some cheered him home, but not as crowds cheer Goal. † The direct comparison between the post war public reaction to valour and heroism and the pre-war reaction further reveal the unfair difference in attitudes towards the soldier and subsequently the injustice of isolation. Another similar experience which both Auden and Owen display is the bleak permanence of both isolation and exile. Both poems start off very bleakly, Owen introduces a grey, monotonous, depressing chromatic pallet through the use of language such as â€Å"dark† , â€Å"suit of grey† and â€Å"saddening†, which all work together to produce an experience of bleak exile. Auden also uses specific language to create a depressing, bleak atmosphere. Lexis such as â€Å"souls† sets an ominous, foreboding tone for the poem because of its connotations. Another similarity is the poets’ use of syntax to develop a steady continuous rhythm, which runs throughout the poems. The slow continuous form represents the experiences of exile and isolation: slow, bleak and boring. Auden and Owen both also similarly make reference to a bleak future to help the reader realise the bleak permanence of exile and isolation. The very fact that the disabled soldier’s future is able to be summed up in the one sad sentence, â€Å"He will spend a few sick years in Institutes†, reveals the bareness of the isolation, the fact that it’s in the future, emphasises the certain, permanence of his bleak exile. Similarly, in Refugee Blues the refugee cites the question â€Å"where shall we go to-day? † this expresses the lack of immediate future subsequently showing the bleak nature of exile. However, it also introduces the experience of uncertainty of exile. This experience of uncertainty is a slight, but key, difference between Auden’s Refugee Blues and Disabled and therefore between experiences of isolation and exile. Auden and Owen also both express feelings of hopelessness created by exile and isolation. Although there is similarity, Refugee Blues slightly differs from Disabled because there is a building sense of hope towards the middle section of the poem. However, this deteriorates by the end of the poem which concludes with feelings of hopelessness just like in Disabled. In both poems this hopelessness is signified by the central character giving up hope and accepting defeat. Owen starts Disabled with feelings of hopelessness and despair as the soldier is immediately â€Å"waiting for dark†, or death. These feelings continue throughout the poem, eventually amalgamating and becoming too much for the veteran who gets angry (shown by the exclamation point) and eventually begs for death. â€Å"Why don’t they come / and put him into bed? † which is the veteran metaphorically asking for death, this clearly shows that he has completely lost hope and given up. Refugee Blues has a similar start with feelings of despair and hopelessness simply created by caesura and language. â€Å"Some are living in mansions, some are living in holes. † The use of commas, which creates a sense of listing, together with the representation of the widespread of society – created by listing the extremities of society – creates a sense of a huge society with lots of variation â€Å"yet, there’s no place for [them]†. This demonstrates the feeling of hopelessness which is reemphasised by the repeat of â€Å"yet, there’s no place for us. † Owen also emphasises the feeling of despair by the syllabic emphasis always falling on the â€Å"no†, which makes it seem like doors are closing and opportunities are disappearing. However, unlike Owen, Auden creates a slight sense of hope with â€Å"But we are still alive, my dear, but we are still alive. † The refrain, as usual, increases the power of the emotion, in this case creating a sense of building hope. However, this hope is short-lived and by the end of the poem gradually deteriorates into the refugee giving up. This is shown by the choice of the verbs at the start of each stanza and towards the end of the poem, â€Å"went†, â€Å"walked†, â€Å"dreamed† and, finally, â€Å"stood†. All of the verbs before â€Å"stood† are movements or imaginations which provide the contrast for â€Å"stood† which, through its static finality, is representative that the refugee has completely given up on trying to escape exile therefore it reveals that he has lost hope. This is compounded by the hyperbole, â€Å"ten thousand soldiers†¦/ looking for you and me†, which shows that the exile has taken over him as he is unable, or has given up trying, to rationalise it. This representation of exile and isolation extremely similar to Owen’s because they both present the idea that exile and isolation eventually culminate in a total loss of hope and eventually the embracing of death. Owen and Auden use the perspective and form in their poems in order to subtly criticise society and the way that it puts people into exile and how it treats the disabled. During Disabled the viewpoint changes as the tense changes. When describing the present tense, the reader is put in a distanced and detached viewpoint through the use of the pronoun â€Å"he†. This is contrasted by the subjective view that is taken when describing the past. This change in viewpoint is representative, and critical, of the way that society views disabled people and more generally those in isolation. It criticises the distanced, dehumanised view that people take of disabled people through the contrast between the personal viewpoint taken before he â€Å"threw away his knees† and the way it presents the disabled veteran after the war. Auden also subtly criticises society, however, he does so by using the form of the poem. Auden uses the blues form to present exile because it originated from black African slaves in America. In 1939, when the poem was written, black people in America were openly discriminated against through the use of ‘Jim Crow’ Laws. The form of the poem demonstrates how discrimination, and therefore isolation and exile, are engrained in society because of the ironic use of a form which originated from black slaves in a poem which is supposed to give a voice to those in isolation and exile. Auden also uses the form of Refugee Blues in order to expose the lack of voice for those seeking refuge. Throughout the poem the refugee’s voice seems to have no effect. The whole poem is written as if it is a conversation or a description to a loved one. However, similarly to Disabled, there is lack of a voice in return, for example the question â€Å"where shall we go to-day? † goes unanswered throughout the whole poem, which makes it seem as if the supposed conversation is just a monologue. This not only emphasises the entrapment through the same technique as Owen employs in Disabled (inability to communicate with society shows that the refugee is trapped by exile) but also seems to be like a Ghazal. Traditionally, a Ghazal is written in order to express love which is usually unrequited or impossible. In Refugee Blues the poem is about the pain of exile, therefore, by being similar to a Ghazal, the form reveals that the pain of exile is unrequited and the wish to be free is impossible. Overall, the differences created by the different time of writing for each poem and the amount of influence personal experience had on the poem are minimal.

Killing Sharks Cultures and Politics of Encounter

Question: Discuss about the Killing Sharks for Cultures and Politics of Encounter. Answer: Introduction Shark culling in Western Australia is a term for a policy of the state government to kill and capture large sharks that are in the vicinity of beaches which are used by the public for swimming and other recreational activities. The government of Australia implemented this policy in 2014 to protect swimmers from being attacked by sharks as a result of the death of seven people on the coastline of Western Australia in the years 2010 to 2013 (Shadbolt, 2014). The public protested against the policy of shark culling, and as a result, the issue gained international attention. The Western Australian government policy of shark culling has been heavily criticized by different groups of people in the society. Among the people who are against the shark cull policy are activists of human rights and marine scientists. The activists argue that shark culling is going against the rights of shark conservation measures while the marine scientists say that shark culling is unscientific, cruel and unnecessary and causes the marine ecosystem to be damaged (Neff, 2012). The people are opposing the shark culling policy claim that culling and baiting sharks especially the great white shark which is a species that is federally protected, to be environmentally irresponsible, inhumane and not effective at minimizing the cases of shark attacks (Mcphee, 2014). The other issue that has made the public to turn against the government is because shark culling has environmental implications which include drowning of undersized sharks that are caught on the hooks, bycatch of other marine species and the impact of shark populations that are declining tremendously. The government has put across measure to protect people from shark attacks. In January 2014, drum lines to hook and bait large sharks in waters of Western Australia was implemented. The policy was developed in response to seven serious attacks. The policy gives the authority and finances to deploy drum lines near the beaches used by the public. Drum lines mid-water baited hooks that are designed to trap and kill bull sharks, tiger sharks and great white sharks (Gibbs Warren, 2015). The sharks that are found hooked but not yet dead and measure 3 meters in length are supposed to be shot dead, and their bodies were thrown into the sea. The principle behind the policy of shark culling is to reduce the attacks caused by sharks at popular locations. The government aims to reduce shark attacks by lowering the number of sharks which are potentially life-threatening by making the baited hooks attract the sharks rather activities of human (Holden, 2016). The government efforts to manage the dangers associated with sharks have not been effective. Researchers have found out that the shark control activities that the government has put across have environmental impacts. The use of drum lines or shark nets is not recommended. The methods supported by the government for shark culling are not effective to reduce shark attacks since it has been recently established that the annual rate of shark attacks was similar before are after using drum lines and nets (Mccagh, Sneddon Blache, 2015). Shark culling methods used by the West Australian governments are indiscriminate on the type of species caught, and this has resulted in the killing of endangered species of fish such as the great white sharks. Sometimes non-target species are caught, and this causes marine life imbalance since species such as whales, turtles, dugongs and dolphins are accidentally killed. The alternative method that the government can use is to support researchers who are working tirelessly to identify ways of reducing shark bites and protect shark species (Sprivulis, 2014). Various governments can learn important lessons from the issue of shark culling by the Western Australian government. One lesson that can be learned is that governments should consider public opinion when formulating policies. This is because the public may be having alternative ways to handle different issues which are beneficial. Another lesson that the government can learn is that they need to carefully research on the information that concerns the general public (Neff Hueter, 2013). Releasing information that is not well researched makes the public lose confidence in them. It can be identified that the Western Australian government should review their methods of fish culling since there has been criticism from the public who suggests better methods on how shark attacks can be prevented. Grunigs Model of Public Relations In 1984, Grunig and Hunt developed four public relations models that explain various organizational and management practices. These public relations model act as guidelines to create strategies, programs, and tactics. The four models are press agent/ publicity, public information model, two-way asymmetrical model and two-way symmetrical model (Rice Atkin, 2012). The publicity or press agent model is a communication model that is one way. Persuasion is used by communication experts to shape the opinions and thoughts key audiences. Accuracy is not important in this model and organizations do not seek the feedback of audience or carry out audience analysis research. The public information model deviates from tactics that are manipulative as used in the publicity model and gives more accurate information. Nevertheless, the pattern of communication still flows one way. Audience analysis research is not conducted by practitioners to guide their tactics and strategies (Botan Hazleton, 2010). Some newsletters and press releases are designed based on this model when the audience is not particularly researched beforehand or targeted. The two-way- asymmetrical model is a more persuasive way of reaching target audiences. In this model, research is conducted to understand the behaviours and attitudes of the audience. However, the use of persuasive communication in this model benefits the organization more than the audiences. Therefore, the model is considered to be imbalanced or asymmetrical. The argument in the two-way symmetrical model is that practitioners in public relations should serve as a link between key publics and organizations instead of acting as persuaders. In this model, communication is used by practitioners who act as negotiators to make sure that all parties concerned benefit (Rice and Atkin, 2012). The model tries to create a situation that is mutually beneficial hence the term symmetrical.' The two-way symmetrical model is viewed as the model that is most ethical. The most appropriate model for the Australian government to use is the two-way symmetrical model. This is because this model gives a chance to both the government a chance to express their opinion. The use of this model is appropriate in solving the issue of shark culling since the public may give workable solutions to the government which is better than the methods that the government is taking to curb the dangers that result from shark attacks. For instance, marine researchers are studying shark habits and identifying measures that people can take to protect themselves from shark attacks (Gallagher, 2016). It can be identified that the other models are not appropriate for solving the issue of fish culling. This is because they do not give room for public opinion. How Government can protect their Reputation in the Digital Era. This story about shark culling shows that people are much more informed because of the of the world digitalization trend. Most people use social media platforms to access various types of information. The public is much more informed about all events taking place in different parts of the world. The information concerning different government policies are posted on different social media platforms, and people express their views on them. The public may give views which are either negative or positive depending on how beneficial they are to the majority of people (Gibbs Warren, 2014). Because of much public participation, various governments have to be careful on the kind of information they release to the public. It is becoming necessary for governments to protect their reputations. There are various measures that the government should take to protect their reputations to develop public confidence. The first measure is to make sure that the information released is credible and well researched. Such reliable information gives no room for criticism and helps boost the public confidence in the government. The measure that should be taken is to make sure that the information that the governments release benefits majority of the public (Holden, 2016). Information should not be one way. In a case where communication is two ways, the public feel recognized and supports the government in the implementation of the policies. The other measure is that the government should protect its confidential information. Only authorized people should be allowed to access such sensitive information. When non-public information starts circulating all over, people lose their confidence in the government (Gallagher, 2 016). Therefore, it is necessary for governments to make sure that confidential information is handled with care. This is because once information is released to the public, it cannot be reversed. Conclusion In the current world, public opinion is very key in every society. Gone are the days where governments made laws, and people complied without questioning. In this digital era, people are more informed, and nothing goes unnoticed. Social media is being used by people express their views about the policies the governments formulate. The reputation of governments is at stake and hence they need to be more careful with the kind of information it releases to the public. References. Botan, C. H., Hazleton, V. (Eds.). (2010). Public relations theory II. Routledge. Gallagher, A. J. (2016). Coexisting with sharks: a response to Carter and Linnell. Trends in Ecology Evolution, 31(11), 817-818. Gibbs, L., Warren, A. (2015). Transforming shark hazard policy: Learning from ocean- Users and shark encounter in Western Australia. Marine Policy, 58, 116-124. Gibbs, L., Warren, A. (2014). Killing Sharks: cultures and politics of encounter and the Sea. Australian Geographer, 45(2), 101-107. Holden, A. (2016). Environment and tourism. Routledge. McCagh, C., Sneddon, J., Blache, D. (2015). Killing sharks: The medias role in public and The political response to fatal humanshark interactions. Marine Policy, 62, 271-278. McPhee, D. (2014). Unprovoked Shark Bites: Are they becoming more prevalent? Coastal Management, 42(5), 478-492. Neff, C. (2012). Australian beach safety and the politics of shark attacks. Coastal Management, 40(1), 88-106. Neff, C., Hueter, R. (2013). Science, policy, and the public discourse of shark attack: a Proposal for reclassifying humanshark interactions. Journal of environmental studies and sciences, 3(1), 65-73. Rice, R. E., Atkin, C. K. (2012). Public communication campaigns. Sage Shadbolt, P. (2014, January 14). Shark culling begins in Western Australia, angering conservationists. Retrieved from CNN Sans: https://edition.cnn.com/2014/01/27/world/asia/australia-sharks/ Sprivulis, P. (2014). Western Australia coastal shark bites: a risk assessment. The Australasian medical journal, 7(2), 137.